Bandura & Schunk, 1981: Motivating with manageable goals increased learning and self-efficacy in math among uninterested or struggling 7-10 year olds
Reference:
Bandura, A., & Schunk, D. H. (1981). Cultivating competence, self-efficacy, and intrinsic interest through proximal self-motivation. Journal of personality and social psychology, 41(3), 586.
Download PDFSummary:
7-10-year-old children behind and with little interest in math were asked to complete instructional items with a proximal goal (6 pages/session). As compared to students assigned a distal goal (42 pages over 7 sessions) or no specific goal (“as many pages…as possible”), the proximal goal intervention increased students’ self-efficacy in math and their math learning.
Psychological Process:
What Desired Meaning is At Stake?
What is the Person Trying to Understand?
Selves (My Own and Others')How?
Psychological Question Addressed
Am I capable of learning or performing well?Am I capable of learning or performing well?Psychological Question Addressed
Am I capable of learning or performing well?Psychological Process 2:
Psychological Process 3:
Social Area:
Education
Intervention Technique:
Direct labeling, of a situation